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Foeniculum Vulgare, commonly known as Fennel, is one of the most widely used medicinal and aromatic plants, which belongs to the Apiaceae (Umbelliferaceae) family. This plant has been grown widely in the Mediterranean and Southern Europe, and Iran has an appropriate climate for growth.
Fennel is well known for its Essential Oils properties used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The essential oil of fennel are mainly concentrated in the fruits (mericarps) and provide the unique aroma and taste, they are composed of aroma of several monoterpenes and phenylpropanoids. The fennel seed is distilled to produce fennel oil which is useful in pharmaceutical industry as a cough medicine, antiseptic, and laxative and as an addictive substance in various types of cuisine, bakery, confectionery, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
Distillation Metode
the main component of fennel oil is anethole and Fennel oil contains of 50-60% anethole. The fennel oil qualityis determined by the amount of anethole content. The fennel oil has a better quality if it has higher content of anethole.